电池材料的电化学性能与离子迁移、元素分布、相变、界面反应及结构退化密切相关。从正负极颗粒到电极/电解质界面，材料在充放电过程中会经历复杂的结构与化学变化。诺法材料可结合 FIB-SEM、TEM、APT、EDS 等多尺度表征技术，从材料形貌与截面结构、晶体结构及缺陷，到纳米尺度元素分布和界面化学，对电池材料在不同状态下的微观结构进行综合分析，为电极材料研发、工艺优化及失效机制研究提供实验依据。

The electrochemical performance of battery materials is closely tied to ion migration, elemental distribution, phase transformation, interfacial reactions, and structural degradation. From cathode and anode particles to electrode/electrolyte interfaces, these materials undergo complex structural and chemical changes during cycling. Nova Scientific integrates multiscale characterization techniques including FIB-SEM, TEM, APT, and EDS to comprehensively analyze battery material microstructures under different states—from morphology and cross-sectional structure, crystal structure, and defects to nanoscale elemental distribution and interfacial chemistry—supporting electrode material R&D, process optimization, and failure mechanism studies.

针对正极、负极材料的结构演化问题，可利用 SEM 对颗粒形貌、裂纹及表面结构进行观察，通过 TEM/STEM 分析晶体结构、晶格缺陷、纳米析出物及局部相变，并结合 EDS 对元素分布进行表征。对于循环前后材料的对比，可以进一步追踪颗粒内部的结构变化、局部元素迁移以及由充放电引起的微观组织退化。已有研究表明，将 APT 与 STEM 等技术结合，可以揭示锂离子脱嵌过程中正极材料发生的原子尺度不可逆结构变化，并进一步关联电池寿命衰减机制。

For structural evolution in cathode and anode materials, SEM is used to observe particle morphology, cracks, and surface structures; TEM/STEM analyzes crystal structure, lattice defects, nanoscale precipitates, and local phase transformations; and EDS characterizes elemental distribution. By comparing materials before and after cycling, structural changes within particles, local elemental migration, and charge/discharge-induced microstructural degradation can be further tracked. Research has shown that combining APT with STEM can reveal atomic-scale irreversible structural changes in cathode materials during lithium insertion and extraction, linking them to battery life degradation mechanisms.

针对元素迁移与局部化学分布，APT能够利用三维原子尺度的元素信息，对电极材料内部的元素空间分布进行解析。对于 Li、过渡金属及其他关键元素，可以研究其在不同微观区域中的富集、贫化及局部化学变化，并通过三维重构、成分剖面及团簇分析等方法进一步研究材料在循环过程中的元素迁移与局部化学演变。APT的三维化学成像能力对于研究传统二维表征难以直接解析的纳米尺度元素分布具有独特价值。

For elemental migration and local chemical distribution, APT uses 3D atomic-scale elemental information to resolve elemental spatial distributions within electrode materials. For Li, transition metals, and other key elements, it enables the study of enrichment, depletion, and local chemical changes across different microstructural regions, with 3D reconstruction, composition profiles, and cluster analysis further revealing elemental migration and local chemical evolution during cycling. APT's 3D chemical imaging capability is uniquely valuable for nanoscale elemental distributions beyond the reach of conventional 2D characterization.

针对电极/电解质及颗粒内部界面，可利用 FIB 对特定区域进行精准定位和截面制样，再通过 TEM/STEM 观察界面结构，并结合 APT 对界面两侧的元素组成、元素分配和化学梯度进行三维分析。对于 SEI 等复杂界面体系以及循环过程中形成的反应层，可以通过多尺度表征手段研究其厚度、结构、组成及演化规律，从而进一步理解界面反应与电池性能衰减之间的关系。

For electrode/electrolyte and intra-particle interfaces, FIB enables precise positioning and cross-sectional sample preparation of specific regions. TEM/STEM then observes interfacial structures, while APT provides 3D analysis of elemental composition, partitioning, and chemical gradients across the interface. For complex interfacial systems such as SEI and reaction layers formed during cycling, multiscale characterization can reveal their thickness, structure, composition, and evolution, further clarifying the link between interfacial reactions and battery performance degradation.

针对循环衰减与失效机制，诺法材料可针对循环前后、不同荷电状态或特定失效区域开展靶向分析，从颗粒裂纹、孔洞和表面重构等宏观/微观特征出发，通过 FIB 精准制样和 TEM 高分辨表征定位关键结构变化，再结合 APT 分析原子尺度元素迁移和界面化学变化，建立“循环条件—结构演化—元素迁移—性能衰减”之间的关联。公开研究已经利用这种多技术关联思路研究 Si 负极的纳米尺度退化，并观察到 Li、P 等元素与缺陷及晶界演化之间的关系。

For cycling degradation and failure mechanisms, Nova Scientific provides targeted analysis of samples before and after cycling, at different states of charge, or in specific failure regions. From macroscopic/microscopic features such as particle cracks, voids, and surface reconstruction, FIB-based precise sampling and high-resolution TEM are used to pinpoint critical structural changes, while APT reveals atomic-scale elemental migration and interfacial chemical changes. This establishes links between "cycling conditions—structural evolution—elemental migration—performance degradation." Published studies has applied this correlative multi-technique approach to study nanoscale degradation in Si anodes, revealing relationships between elements such as Li and P and the evolution of defects and grain boundaries.

对于电池材料的 APT 分析，样品制备和数据可靠性尤为重要。锂具有较高的迁移活性，APT分析所需的强电场可能诱发 Li 迁移或脱嵌，因此电池材料通常需要针对材料体系和研究状态设计相应的制样、转移及保护策略。已有研究报道了通过导电层/金属包覆等方式进行电场屏蔽，以降低分析过程中的 Li 迁移；这也说明电池材料的 APT 分析需要结合材料特性进行针对性的实验方案设计。

For APT analysis of battery materials, sample preparation and data reliability are especially critical. Because Li is highly mobile, the strong electric field required for APT can induce Li migration or de-intercalation, so battery materials typically require tailored sample preparation, transfer, and protection strategies for the specific material system and state of study. Published studies have reported conductive layer/metallic coating approaches for electric field shielding to mitigate Li migration during analysis, highlighting the need for targeted experimental design based on material characteristics in APT analysis of battery materials.